CMM

The theory I would most like to learn more about is coordinated management theory. This was one of the first theories in the book and one of the first that really made me want to learn about comm theory. One of the things that intrigued me about this theory was how it solves a problem. It uses special techniques to successfully solve a problem. On the chart on page 484 I noticed that of all the 10 threads, coordinated management theory includes 6. I have been looking into getting certified to be a mediator and understanding more about CMM would help to accomplish that goal.

Self-image

In chapter 36 Griffin links some of different theories using common threads or ideas that the theories have in common. one of the concepts I identified with the most was self-image. Griffin says that "communication affects and is affected by our sense of identity, which is strongly shaped within the context of our culture." (Griffin 474). Identity is so important because we need it in order to communicate and it is what makes up what is culture. Without having an identity there would be no communication or culture. There are many different theories that have identity and culture as a common thread. Some of those theories are Mead's symbolic interactionalism, Ting-toomey's face negotiation theory and, Giles' communication accomodation theory. Self image is how we see ourselves. Our self-image affects and influences the way we communicate. As Griffin says in his cause for pause, we have all been put down by others, that would affect how we feel and in turn affect how we treat others. When Im having a bad day and my self-esttem is low, it's hard to smile and be cordial to others. Self image is a very important part of communication.

Reflecting on 101

As I was reading chapter 36, I was really surprised at how well I knew the theories he tied together. When I think back to the first week of class I remembered being totally overwhelmed. The last thing I wanted to learn about was a bunch of boring theories I wouldn't understand and never have any use for. I was totally wrong. My friends and family can tell you that I constantly am telling them about a theory that would help them. My sister was contemplating breaking up with her boyfriend, she felt that the relationship had grown boring and wondered why, I read her some of the relationship maintenance theories and she understood why things were the way they were. Communication is the key to all relationships and the theories we have learned can only improve it.

Muted Theory

In chapter 35 Cheris Kramarae says that language does not represent all groups. Men did help develop our language, but I think women have come a long way from where they were. But as Shirley Ardener say mutedness does not mean that a group is totally silent or always silent. Women may be in a better place than they were but there are still power discrepancies between the genders. Men still dominate many fields so the battle is still raging (that metaphor is proof of that).

In Em Griffins interview with Cherise Kramarae they discussed her new encyclopedia of womens history. In her encyclopedia she has a section on witches. I thought it was interesting that the word “witch” originally meant someone with powers that could be a man or woman. It was changed and turned into a derogatory term for women.

Strong Objectivity

Strong objectivity is the term that Harding refers to when she talks about the strategy of starting research from the lives of women and other marginalized groups who are usually not heard from. Strong objectivity suggests that people from these groups have a lot of wisdom from their experiences and their many perspectives gives them their “strength”. She also goes on to say that people who have not struggled have weak objectivity. I can see what she means because people who haven't had to fight for anything in their lives or have had everything handed to think there are many problems with the world. Anyone who lives an oppressed life has more of a reason to want change. This made me think of this years election. Obama's big selling point that he was for change, with the current state of the economy the number of people who are struggling and feel that they are marginalized has increased. our newly elected President, Barack Obama, has been elected by all the people who have strong objectives and want change.

My Standpoint as a Woman

Standpoint theory is all about women and other people from marginalized backgrounds world view. The theorists, Sarah Harding and Julia T. Wood say that standpoint is the place or location that we see the world. They also say that, "The social groups within which we are located powerfully shape what we experience and know as well as how we understand and communicate with ourselves, others, and the world." (Griffin p. 441). This means that how we are raised, the things we are to taught, our environment, and our individual experiences are what shape our standpoint. Harding focused on the standpoint of women who are marginalized. In this chapter she highlights some of the inequalities and differences between gender. Being a woman, I was very interested in this theory. I can see how women that are marginalized might have a clearer view of reality or truth. I don't consider myself as someone who is marginalized, but I think that I have a pretty good understanding of what is true and ethical. I think that since I am from a middle class family and now a starving student that I have developed a unique standpoint that helps me to identify with many different people, not only women.

media and minority beliefs

I thought it was interesting how Noelle-Neumann thought media helps in accelerating the silence of minority beliefs. With television magazines and all media outlets we are shown only the popular opinions. The mainstream media does not report or show ideas that are not readily accepted by society. Martha Stewart would never have a segment on something that is controversial or out of the ordinary. Her viewers and demographic watch her show because they listen to Martha and only want to learn how to make a chocolate cake. Martha Stewart"s time in prison is never talked about or discussed on her daytime show, instead they focus on other things. The media does shape what ideas we think about and also what we don't talk about. The media definitely plays a huge role in our lives.

Spiral of Silence

The chapter about Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's spiral of silence was the first chapter that I found myself enthralled with. Usually when I read a chapter I read a few pages, then take a break and finish the chapter later. This chapter I could not put the book down. I was amazed at this theory. I know that succumbing to peer pressure is easy but I never knew there was a theory about it. Mother Teresa is quoted on page 374, saying, "The worst sickness is not leprocy or tuberculosis, but the feeling of being respected by no one or being unloved, deserted by everyone." This quote explains why as humans we have a need to fit in. It is hard to be an outsider, This chapter made me think a lot about the times I have changed my mind or have agreed with a crowd even if I really believe differently. I grew up in the very strict Mormon church. In high school all my friends would go to parties and drink. I would sneak away to the parties with my friends and watch them drink. I never drank in high school because I knew I would get in trouble and it was almost guaranteed that my parents would find out. My friends always offered me drinks but instead of sticking to my principles and telling them no, I would fill my red cup with some soda and pretend like I was drinking. I feared being the odd man out so badly that I would go to great lengths to lie to my parents and to my friends.
I look back and think about the stupid things I did to fit in, but even today I surprised myself by heeding to public opinion. I was walking to a parking garage this morning when a homeless woman came up to me asking for money for breakfast. I had seen her ask the group of people in front of me for money as well, but no one gave her any. I did the same as the group of people in front of me. I said, "sorry", even though I had a pop tart and some ones in my purse. There was no reason for me not to help her, I wasn't even going to eat the pop tart. I think I said no because everyone else had said no too. I have been thinking about that all day. I think I will look for her next week and bring her some granola bars. Sometimes doing what everyone else is doing is easy to do but that never makes it the right thing to do.

Media Agendas

Chapter 28 talks about Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw's Agenda setting theory. McCombs and Shaw use a quote from Bernhard Cohen, he says on page 360 that the press are not always successful in telling people what to think about, but they are stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about. I thought Griffins account of the newspaper articles on the final-four. He noted that the framing that the newspaper used by the placement of the articles and the length of the articles. I am not a huge newspaper reader, I usually watch the news or check out stories on the internet. When I do read the newspaper, I tend to only read the front page or the stories that have interesting headlines and pictures. Without even knowing I have been sucked in to that media outlets framing.

Technology, it's a good thing

Neil Postman asks three questions about media at the end of chapter 24. he asked what the problem that technology solves, whose problem it is, and what other problems technology creates. The questions make you think hard about media and how it affects our lives. There are many possibilities as to who and what problems technology can cause. However I have always thought of technology as a good thing. I don't see technology as being a Faustian bargain, or a deal with t he devil. Many peoples lives are enriched because of technology. Hospitals, businesses and schools have all benefited from technology. Technology does have its drawbacks, yet I think the good outweighs the bad.

Media Ecology

Marshall McLuhan studied and asked questions about the relationship between media and culture. McLuhan saw the message and the medium as the same thing. Technology plays a huge role in our lives. We use technology everyday to help us communicate and function. McLuhan's said that, “it's not technological abnormality that demands our attention, since it's hard not to notice the new and different." (Griffin p. 313). We only notice technology when it's not working or available. We accept new technology so quickly that it usually blends seamlessly into our lives and becomes part of our lives. griffin says on page 314 that, "it's the ordinariness of media that makes them invisible. I tend to not notice how much media and technology are part of my life until the direct T.V. goes out.

Narrative paradigm

Paradigms are " a conceptual framework that calls for people to view events through a common interpretive lens." (Griffin 300). I often think of paradigms as accepted ideas that a society has. Fishers narrative paradigm offered a way to understand and explain communication behavior. Fisher thinks of every type of communication that humans find compelling or interesting can be seen as stories. The best stories are true ones, humans are constantly writing their stories; this could be one of the reasons why reality television has such a huge appeal.

Dramatism

Kenneth Burke is fascinating and complicated at the same time. When I first started reading the chapter I was impressed that he used so many different tools, as Griffin says, he used philosophy, psychology, economics, linguistics, sociology, and communication to help him create his idea of dramatisim. I agree with Burke's veiw that, “life is not like a drama; life is drama.” Burke developed the dramatist pentad as a tool to analyze how the speaker tries to persuade the audience. There are five important elements of the human drama, act, scene, agent, agency, and, purpose. It was interesting to find out that the pentad can be a way to see what the speaker's world view or philosophy is depending on what element the speaker stresses. When I speak I tend to stress the act, According to Burke, My philosophy is realism which actually is dead on.

Great Speakers

Rhetoric is a word that comes up often in communication classes. In my 140 class, Argumentation and Debate, I have become very familiar with Aristotle and his ideas about rhetoric and public speaking. Rhetorical proof, ethos, logos and pathos are all very important to know and use in order to be a effective and successful speaker. I have always admired great speakers. I still remember hearing Martin Luther King Jr.s "I Have a Dream" Speech when I was in second grade. Very few people are blessed with gift to move people. I was glad that Griffin used his speech as the case study. With that speech, Dr. King would have made Aristotle proud.

Truth and Corporations

In chapter 20 Stan Deetz' little story on page 229 really opened my eyes. He makes a great point about truth. He talks about the cereal boxes of his children's favorite cereals, on the box Kellog's put information and illustrations of happy children and all the health benefits of the cereals. They chose only to put the good aspects of the cereal and ignored the bad. I love that Deetz made his own labels for the cereals with the whole truth on it. It made me think about one of my guilty pleasures, taco bell. I know that fast food is horrible for me and I have heard that they use the lowest grade of meat allowable, but I still go. They leave out all of the negatives from their advertising and leave only the positive to suck people in. This chapter really opened up my eyes about corporations and teh impact they have on everyones life.

Chapter 19

In chapter 19 Michael Paconowsky also developed theories of culture in organizations. His experience was mostly corporate culture. He agreed with Geertz' metaphor of the culture as webs, but he says, "we need to concern ourselves not only with the structures of the cultural webs, but the process of of their spinning as well" (Griffin 250). I found Paconowsky very interesting. i had never considered the impact corporate culture has on peoples lives. The workplace is where a lot of time is spent with co-workers. Culture and relationships are bound to develop. I loved how Griffin used the show , The Office to illustrate the symbolic interpretation of story, and the three types.

The Cultural Approach to Organizations

Chapter 19 is all about Clifford Geertz and Michael Pacanowsky's research on culture in organizations. Geertz uses the metaphor of culture as a web. Griffin explains that, “in order to travel across the strands toward the center of the web, an outsider must discover the common interpretations that hold the web together.” ( Griffin p. 250). Culture is made up of many things, or strands. These strands can be made form the language we speak to the field we work in, all of the strands make up our web. Geertz is an anthropologist who has studied remote culures. Geertz says that culture is not defined as the arts or traditions but is much more complex and vague. All societies have subcultures within their culture. I looked at the subcultures to mean the “cliques” that make up the whole society.

Putting functional perspective into action

Chapter 17 was the perfect chapter to for me to read this week. In my Comm 140 class we had our first debate. In our groups we were to research our topics and then present them to the class. My group was given a very specific topic that made it hard to find a lot of research. In my group we went through all 4 of Hirokawa's functions. First we analyzed the problem which was how we were going to find some good research. Next we set our goals. we wanted to develop strong arguments and learn as much as we could about our topic. Since we had trouble with finding good articles and journals we had to identify alternatives. We had to ask for help from the professor who gave us some great alternatives. We finally found articles that helped back our arguments but we had a lot of different arguments. We had to evaluate what was negative and positive, what we needed and what was unnecessary. without realizing it I had used functional perspective to complete make decisions in a small group.

Small Group

Chapter 18 discusses Marshall Scott Poole's Adaptive Structuration theory. Poole studied patterns of communication in small groups. Through his research he learned that group decision making was very complex. He found that group dynamics are so are very complicated and cannot be predicted or boiled down to a small chain of events. Social structures were not what influence what the groups decision. He found that what people do and say and do make a difference not the social structures.
In the past when i have been in groups it is always a struggle to make a decision. Some of the groups I have been in have been complete nightmares. In the end I have had to do the work all by myself. Good communication can help groups complete their goals and make good decisions.

Group Decision Making

In almost every college course group work is a requirement. Group work forces you to associate people you might not otherwise talk to. All members of a group have different experiences and knowledge, putting that together can lead to good decision making. Randy Hirokawa and Dennis Gouran are"convinced that group interaction has a positive effect on the final decision."(Griffin p. 223). Hirokawa and Gouran understand that it is not easy to come to a decision when in a group. There are four functions of effective decision making, those are (1) problem analysis (2) goal setting (3) identification of alternatives, and (4) evaluation of positive and negative consequences. This process helps a group acheive the best goal without as much headache.

Rules of the Game

Families are very complicated. Chapter 13 talks about the family as a system, "a self regulating, interdependent network of feedback loops guided by members rules."( Griffin p. 170). Whatever happens in a family, big or small has some affect on all of the others who are part of the family. No relationship is simple, like griffin said, "Relationships are complex functions in the same sense that mathematical functions link multiple variables."(Griffin p. 170). I come from a big family so I am particularly interested in Watzlawick's interactionalist view. My family has become more complicated as we have all become older and have started our own lives. My oldest sister is married and has a baby now. All of the changes and problems they go through has had an impact on all of our lives. Even though I don't live with my parents or younger sisters,yet I hear every piece of news that happens. My family is just like the mobile that griffin describes, when one string is is severed the whole thing shifts and becomes off balance.

Relational Dialectics

Chapter 12 is about Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery's theory called relational dialectics. Relational dialectics is explained to be a tug-of-war that constantly happens in relationships. griffin says that, "relationships are always in flux; the only certainty is change."(Griffin p. 156). In all relationships we seek closeness and openness, but in those same relationships we also want some mystery. This keeps are relationships alive. I think the death of a relationship is when things start to become too boring and predictable. It's easy to fall into the same routine though, I noticed that for two months my weekends seemed to be like a formula that I followed. Friday would be dinner and a movie, Saturday would be spent shopping or dinner again, and Sunday would be spent on the couch. I started to crave something different. I wanted to be surprised by my boyfriend so things didn't feel like they were dying.

Face to Face Communication

While reading Chapter 11 I first agreed with Griffin about how he and his friends laughed at the idea of interpersonal communication through CMC, communication-mediated communication. I have always laughed at people who say they found true love in a chat room. How can you know someone without even seeing them? I don't think that CMC provides enough information about the other persons true feelings or whether they really mean what they are saying. The media richness theory says that communication with someone face to face is better because of verbal and nonverbal cues that are exchanged while face to face. I know from personal experience that more of my familys arguments have happened over a miscommunication over emails than anything else. I prefer to communicate face to face especially when discussing something important.

Uncertainty Reduction Theory: How I use it

In chapter 10 I read about Uncertainty reduction theory. The theory focuses on how humans use communication as a way to understand one another. When we first meet someone we are essentially strangers. We want to reduce the uncertainty about each other. The curiosity about other people is explained by Berger to be three prior conditions. The three conditions are Anticipation of future interaction, incentive value, and deviance. All of these factors make us want to solve the "puzzle" of who the stranger is.
This theory is one that I can agree with. I am always very curious as to why people do the things they do. Even though my boyfriend and I have been dating for almost five years, I still find myself trying to predict and explain some of the things he does or will do. He has a strange attachment to his playstation. I have tried many times to understand what the connection is with that but I doubt I ever will, probably because I am a girl who does not see the point to video games. From the reading I have learned that I have a lot of behavioral and cognitive questions to ask.

Personality Structure and Social Penetration

Chapter 9 discusses the theory of social penetration. Social Psychologists Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor explained that the "social penetration process explains how relational closeness develops." (p. 114). Making friends and starting relationships has always just been something that happens. i had never thought of the it as a process. This theory is so interesting to me because it is almost like a manual for choosing and judging possible valuable friendships. I love the example of an onion with layers. I immediately thought of the movie Shrek, I loved the onion and layers visual because I had used it before, not even knowing about this theory In a public speaking class I took our first speech was a self introduction. We were to think of a creative way to tell the class about ourselves. I thought of a bunch of different ideas but I wanted to show everyone that I had layers. I used the onion example and got an A on that speech. I see how it is so tough to really get to know someone because there are so many factors that need to become aligned in order to gain someones trust. I have had a lot of good friends but I only have a few very close friends.

The Looking Glass Self

Reading chapter 5 I learned about Mead's concept of self. Mead claimed, “we paint our self-portrait with brush strokes that come from taking the role of the other- imagining how we look to another person.” (p. 63). Humans have the ability to look at ourselves from other perspectives. Looking at our actions from another point of view helps to define who we really are. Looking glass self is defined in the text as, the mental self-image that results from taking the role of the other; the objective self; me. Without other people we would have no sense of self. We wouldn't be able to see others reactions to be able to judge our own behavior. I am very close to my sisters, we even look a lot alike, I have even been told by others that we act alike. Sometimes I will see or hear my sister do something that bugs me and then realize I do the same thing. Its because of the looking glass self concept that I am able to realize we act alike.

Words and the Meaning We Give to Them

Language is a complex thing. There are many languages in the world. One country for example might speak more than one language and have many different dialects and slang. Griffin says in chapter 5 that “meaning is negotiated through the use of language”, meaning people use language as a tool to put meaning to objects to help us communicate better. Herbert Blumer of the University of California, Berkeley, came up with the term symbolic interactionism, “communication through symbols, like people talking to each other”. We make up names for things and it helps define our culture. On page 61 in our textbook, Griffin asks the reader to read a puzzle. I read the puzzle and did not get it. I read the story over and over convinced that I missed some detail about whether the father survives. I even thought that the surgeon could have been a step father or adopted father. I am ashamed to say that even as a woman, I associated being a surgeon as being a male job. Our society has associated and defined meanings of words that are not always true.

7 Traditions in the Field of Communication Theory

In chapter 4 Griffin maps out the seven traditions that professor Robert Craig of University of Colorado uses as a "sophisticated solution to help the many different communication theories. The traditions that I seemed to identify most with is the socio-psychological tradition. This is one of the traditions that has been discussed in my previous COMM classes, which is why it is most familiar. This theory makes sense to me because of its simplicity. The framework that was laid out by Psychologist Carl Hovland consists of "who says what to whom and with what effect" (p. 42). That is the base of any communication, there is who, what, and whom. I thought the study that Hovland and his colleagues did was very interesting. The experiment was to see if a message from a highly credible source could change opinions. I thought about how Oprah Winfrey, the who and highly credible source, swayed thousands of Americans on who to vote for, the what, just by backing Barack Obama in the 2008 Presidential election. If just any middle aged women said she was voting for Obama, not too many people would shift their vote, but when someone is credible they are likely to be listened to.

Hello Everyone in COMM 101!
Just like most of you I am new to the whole online class experience. I am looking forward to a great Fall semester and a whole new way of learning!